The vt1 shape memory alloy heat engine design city tech. Test results for the shortterm creep of commercially pure vt10 titanium and the vt5 alloy at temperatures ranging from 673 k to 23 k and rated tensile stresses ranging between 4. Designed to fit under any counter for single tap treatment solutions. This thesis presents various methods to apply design optimization principles to the design of shape memory alloy sma structures. The cast iron liners with ground outsidediameter are pressfit into the precision bored aluminum cylinder block. Citeseerx the vt1 shape memory alloy heat engine design. Development of a fuelpowered shape memory alloy actuator system. Due to the shape memory effect, as the sma loop wire comes in contact with the hot. The efficiency and power of the martensite rotor heat engine. Design and development of a sun tracking mechanism using the. A closedcycle device is one that periodically returns to its initial conditions, repeating the same process over. Nitinol, memory alloy, solid state thermal engines model.
The vt1 shape memory alloy heat engine design shape. The grey filled circle represents the alloy encircled by the environment that. The heat converter engine of claim 1, wherein each of the shape memory elements has a hollow portion, through which one of a heating medium from the heating means and a cooling medium from the cooling means flows. On the design of a shape memory alloy spring actuator. Fundamentals on the use of shape memory alloys in soft robotics. Shape memory alloys smas have been used for a wide variety of applications in various. This increased efficiency is accomplished by using the beginning of the compression stroke and the end of the combustion stroke to. The heat converter engine of claim 1, wherein the shape memory element includes a shape memory alloy spring. They change their shape, strength or stiffness when heat, stress, a magnetic field or electrical voltage is introduced. Pdf shape memory alloys smas exhibit temperaturedependent. Apr 04, 2012 shape memory alloy sma engine combined heat and power chp system proudly powered by wordpress. Since a solidstate heat engine using a shape memory alloy sma works at the temperature difference of several ten degrees, the development of the sma heat engine to use the lowtemperature thermal energy around 373k is greatly expected from a viewpoint of global warming prevention. Shape memory alloy heat engine design shape memory alloy.
The design of shape memory actuators is generally based on the different stressstrain curves of the material in its austenitic and martensitic condition. May 04, 2015 engg shape memory alloy engine test 2015. This paper presents an innovative mechanical actuator using a shape memory alloy sma with a cooling system based on combined thermoelectric effect and forced air cooling systems. Otto built the first practical fourstroke internal combustion engine called the otto cycle engine, and as soon as he had completed his engine, he built it into a motorcycle. Related content development of a fuelpowered shape memory alloy actuator system. Fundamentals on the use of shape memory alloys in soft. Nitinol has a very important role to play in our clean energy future. An attempt has been made in this work to develop a simple yet efficient sun tracking mechanism sstm using smart shape memory alloy sma. Significant contributions include the design itself, a preliminary analytical model and the. The vt1 shape memory alloy heat engine design shape memory.
The shape memory effect is often exploited when smas are used as actuators 6 15. Classification of heat engines external combustion engines 5. Request pdf shape memory alloy engine for high efficiency lowtemperature gradient thermal to electrical conversion more than half of the. Design and experimental validation of a shape memory alloy. The vt1 shape memory alloy heat engine design semantic scholar.
Automotive engineers have been experimenting with shapememory alloys and polymers that are referred to as smart materials. Aug 22, 1995 the smacds engine uses shape memory alloy sma means which include at least one primary stack of conicaldiscsprings cds mounted in a main housing. Unlike other heat engines, the vt1 heat engine induces actuation using a chain made from a shape memory alloy. This book provides a systematic approach to realizing niti shape memory alloy actuation, and is aimed at science and engineering students who would like to develop a better understanding of the behaviors of smas, and learn to design, simulate, control, and fabricate these actuators in a systematic approach.
Smas are materials that exhibit a solid state phase transformation, influenced by changes in temperature and stress, which can be used for actuation. Heat engines, entropy, and the second law of thermodynamics. The maximum electrical power of the sma heat engine was found to be 8. In figure 1 a schematic reconstruction of an sma based actuation system is reported. Josef gruber publikovano ve zpravodaji spss, plze n v. Heat converter engine using a shape memory alloy actuator. Jul 18, 2011 an attempt has been made in this work to develop a simple yet efficient sun tracking mechanism sstm using smart shape memory alloy sma. Shape memory alloy engine for high efficiency lowtemperature. Since a solidstate heat engine using a shape memory alloy sma works at the temperature difference of several ten degrees, the development of the smaheat engine to use the lowtemperature thermal energy around 373k is greatly expected from a viewpoint of global warming prevention. Prototyping and design the vt1 shape memory alloy heat engine design posted on april 4, 2012 by masato r. T will be utilizing half the possible heat, and be 50% efficient.
A first magnetic flux field is produced in the vicinity of a generally cylindrical pulse generating coil arrangement and a plasma is abruptly and radially displaced. The main advantages of using smas include the reduction of the system weight, the ease and reliability in application, and a simple control strategy. It was believed that these engines could use heat from low temperature sources such as solar heated water, geothermal hot water and rejected heat from conventional engines as a significant source of power. The shape memory alloy, referred to as the material of the future, is the first to come to mind in the class of smart materials. Engine design, sizing and operation in hybrid electric.
Miniature shape memory alloy heat engine for powering. Pdf miniature shape memory alloy heat engine for powering. A family of materials with an capability to alter a couple of its original properties by the application of any external stimuli, such as anxiety. This study focuses on the development of the system highlighting. Otto built the first practical fourstroke internal combustion engine called the otto cycle engine, and as soon as he had. To browser these website, its necessary to store cookies on your computer.
Previous attempts to develop sma heat engines used wire that ran directly on pulleys. Capitalizing on the large work density of shape memory alloys requires innovative thermal and mechanical design to effect rapid phase. The cylinder head existing four fins are replaced with five fins without increasing the mass of the fins. A design study in aluminum castings gm cylinder block aluminum castings for the engine one of the key weight saving features in the engine design is the use of a cast aluminum cylinder block with cast iron cylinder liners. Apr 04, 2012 heat engine driven by shape memory alloys. The sma element incorporated in the sstm device performs the dual functions of sensing and actuating in such a way as to position the solar receptor tilted appropriately to face the sun directly at all times during the day. Aluminum cylinder block for general motors trucksuv engines. The openlab is an opensource, digital platform designed to support teaching and learning at city tech new york city college of technology, and to promote student and faculty engagement in the intellectual and social life of the college community. On the design of a shape memory alloy spring actuator using. In ideal case no friction, reversible processes, perfect design, this heat engine would have a carnot efficiency of 1 t cold t hot 1 315549 42.
Schiller abstract this work presents a novel approach to arranging shape memory alloy sma wires into a functional heat engine. With high shape recovery, up to 10% at 25 c, which is much larger than the elastic deformation supported by a conventional metallic material 0. Shapememory alloys have applications in industries including automotive, aerospace, biomedical and robotics. In the medical field, glasses frame material, the material of intravenous stents, jet engines in the aviation area, and bridges in the construction area can be mentioned. Evolution of small scale solar pump using shape memory alloy. May 08, 2001 the heat converter engine of claim 1, wherein the shape memory element includes a shape memory alloy spring. The smacds engine uses shapememoryalloy sma means which include at least one primary stack of conicaldiscsprings cds mounted in a main housing. The cookies contain no personal information, they are required for program control.
The two main types of shapememory alloys are copperaluminiumnickel, and nickeltitanium niti alloys but smas can also be created by alloying zinc, copper, gold and iron. Miniature shape memory alloy heat engine for powering wireless. The discs are stacked in series relationship, and inside and outside spacers separate each pair of consecutive discs so as to enable each disc to deflect beyond its zero axis. Shape memory alloys are already present in many important areas.
An attempt has been made to develop a simple yet efficient sun tracking mechanism sstm using smart shape memory alloy sma. Citeseerx document details isaac councill, lee giles, pradeep teregowda. Pdf the efficiency and power of the martensite rotor. The basic ideas have neen around since the 1930s the heat engine aspect doesnt seem to be commercially developedexploited yet. The small footprint of the vt1 pointofuse, singletap system provides a reliable, economical, and chemicalfree way to safeguard drinking water in any residential application, with flow rates up to 1 gpm 4 lpm benefits. Internal combustion engine handbook sae international. The design of the combustorheat exchanger used to heat the working. So, the efficiency of an ideal engine operating between two temperatures will be equal to the fraction. This mechanism is directly activated by the sun dispensing with the requirement of an additional external source to power it. Although two way shape memory actuators are available, most appli cations use the oneway effect with an external reset force.
Characteristics and development of shapememory alloy heat. Picture a water wheel that takes in water at the top of a waterfall, but lets it out halfway down. The shape memory alloy materials thermodynamic efficiency was found to be 5. The electrical power density of the engine was calculated to be 36 wkg of the active mass shape memory alloy wire. Heat engines a heat engine is any closedcycle device that extracts heat from a hot reservoir, does useful work, and exhausts heat to a cold reservoir. The invention of shape memory alloys spurred a period of intense interest in the area of heat engines in the late 70s and early 80s.
Shape memory alloy engineering introduces materials, mechanical, and aerospace engineers to shape memory alloys smas, providing a unique perspective that combines fundamental theory with new approaches to design and modeling of actual smas as compact and inexpensive actuators for use in aerospace and other applications. Development of a fuelpowered shape memory alloy actuator. Design a fourcylinder internal combustion engine project. A heat engine is a system that performs the conversion of heat to mechanical energy which can then be used to do mechanical work. One of the most important landmarks in engine design comes from nicolaus august otto who in 1876 invented an effective gas motor. Design and development of a sun tracking mechanism using. The versatility of the shape memory alloys is the most important contributing fac. It was believed that these engines could use heat from low temperature sources such as solar heated water, geothermal hot.
The vt1 shape memory alloy heat engine design jillcha wakjira abstract the invention of shape memory alloys spurred a period of intense interest in the area of heat engines in the late 70s and early 80s. It allows for very large mechanical forces to be evolved from very small temperature differences. Fundamentals on the use of shape memory alloys in soft robotics 3 and ongoing studies conducted with the aim of improving usability and controllability. A twostroke engine is an internal combustion engine which completes the thermodynamic cycle in two movements of the piston compared to twice that number for a fourstroke engine. A device is designed as a part of this project,which utilizes the deformability of the shape memory alloy when it is cold and its reversion to its original shape when the alloy is heated to above. With this book readers will gain an understanding of the intrinsic. It was believed that these engines could use heat from low temperature sources such as solar heated water, geothermal hot water and rejected heat from conventional engines as a. Google will find lots of interesting things if you have a look link link bill. Design optimization of shape memory alloy structures. Internal combustion engine handbook basics, components, systems, and perspectives list of chapters. This alloy was named nitinol nickeltitanium naval ordnance laboratory 4.
Shape memory alloys smas along with magnetostrictive materials are the two smart materials that excite me a lot when it comes to their applications and properties. Some of the previous inventions and the current stateof the art of sma applications follow in the next couple of chapters. Some of the previous inventions and the current stateoftheart of sma applications follow in the next couple of chapters. The vt1 shape memory alloy heat engine design 2010 solidworks performing thermal analysis heat engine driven by shape memory alloys.
Home authors downloads book volumes may be downloaded either by the entire volume or by selecting the individual chapter. Chapter heat engines, entropy, and the second law of thermodynamics example. Each volumes title page with preface, contents list, steam tables, and index can be individually downloaded too. A shape memory alloy also known as smart metal, memory metal, memory alloy, muscle wire, smart alloy is an alloy that remembers its original shape and that when deformed returns to its predeformed shape when heated. In this the concentration was taken on the fins to increase the surface area. Pdf design and development of a sun tracking mechanism.